Time dependen Boundayr Condition
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Introduction

This example sets up a boundary condition where the velocity and temperature at the inlet change over time.
It uses the pitzDaily mesh from the OpenFOAM tutorial.
The computational conditions are as follows
- solver : buoyantPimpleNFoam
- turbulence model : $Standard$ $k-epsilon$
- density : Perfect Gas
- viscosity : 1.79e-5 $kg/ms$
Start BaramFlow and load mesh
Run the program and select [New Case] from the launcher. In the launcher, select [Pressure-based] for [Solver Type] and [None] for [Multiphase Model].

Use the given polyMesh folder. In the top tab, click [File]-[Load Mesh]-[OpenFOAM] in that order and select the polyMesh folder.
General
Change Time to Transient.
Models
For this example, we’ll use $Standard$ $k-epsilon$ model for turbulence.
Change Eergy to Include.
Materials
For this example, we will use the properties of air.
- Density : Perfect Gas (m/s)
- Specific Heat (Cp) : 1004 $J/kgK$ (m/s)
- Viscosity : 1.79e-05 $kg/ms$
- Thermal Conductivity : 0.0245 $W/mK$

Boundary Conditions
Each boundary condition is set as follows
- inlet : Velocity Inlet
- Velocity Specification Method : Magnitude, Normal to Boundary
- Velocity Profile Type : Temporal Distribution
- piecewise linear : (0, 1) (0.1 2) (0.2 1.5)
- Turbulent Intensity : 1 (%)
- Turbulent Viscosity Ratio : 10
- Temperature Profile Type : Temporal Distribution
- piecewise linear : (0, 300) (0.1 400) (0.2 350)



- outlet : Pressure Outlet
- Total Pressure : 0 (Pa)
- upperWall, lowerWall : Wall
- Velocity Condition : No Slip
- Temperature : Adiabatic
- frontAndBack : empty
Numerical Conditions
For Numerical Conditions, use default values.
Monitor
Monitor flow rate and temperature at inlet.
Select [Monitors]-[Add]-[Forces] and set values as shown below.
- Surface Monitor 1
- Report Type : Mass Flow Rate
- Surface : inlet

- Surface Monitor 2
- Report Type : Area-Weighted Average
- Field Variable : Temperature
- Surface : inlet

Initialization
Set velocity, pressure, temperature and turbulence as follows.
- Velocity
- X-Velocity : 0 (m/s)
- Y-Velocity : 0 (m/s)
- Z-Velocity : 0 (m/s)
- Pressure
- 0 (Pa)
- Temperature : 300 (K)
- Turbulence
- Scale of Velocity : 1 (m/s)
- Turbulent Intensity : 1 (%)
- Turbulent Viscosity Ratio : 10

Enter the value and click the Initialize button at the bottom. Then click the [File]-[Save] menu to save the case file.
Run
Change the values as shown below, and click [Start Calculation] button.
- Time Step Size : 0.001
- End Time : 1
- Save Interval(Every) : 0.1
그림 11.9
When the calculation is started, you’ll see a graph of Residuals and Monitor as shown below.


Post-processing
Check the distribution of temperature and velocity over time. Click the paraview button in [External tools] to open paraview.
Change the [Solid Color] at the top to T.


Press [Set Range] to adjust the temperature range to 340 – 350K.
Then click the Play icon at the top to see the temperature change over time.
The figure below shows the temperature distribution at the final moment.
